Coming up: vocabulary quiz on Wednesday, April 18 (class handout / another copy below)
In class: Independent work! Below you will find a speech by Hillary Rodham Clinton. (class handout). Carefully read the the speech, underlining and noting a minimum of seven textual examples that demonstrate rhetorical techniques. At least three must not be Aristotelian appeals. Copy out the example onto one of the numbered spaces below and EXPLAIN specifically how the device works within the text.
Note that this will count as a writing grade.
Homework: due Monday, April 16.... graphic organizer on Aristotelian appeals. (class handout / copy below)
2. Review the rhetorical devices
3. Reread the speech, underlining and noting a minimum of 7 textual examples that demonstrate rhetorical techniques. You must have at least three that are not Aristotelian.
4. Copy out the example below, identifying the device. Use ellipsis as needed; you do not have to copy out the complete sentence, but you must include a complete supporting example.
5. Explain the use of the device.
This speech was delivered by Hillary Rodham Clinton, who was First Lady of the United States at the time, on September 5th, 1995 in Beijing, China. It was part of the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women.
* I have abridged this speech for the purposes of our class, but the content and meaning remain intact. For the full version, visit: http://gos.sbc.edu/c/clinton.html
What we are learning around the world is that if women are healthy and educated, their families will flourish. If women are free from violence, their families will flourish. If women have a chance to work and earn as full and equal partners in society, their families will flourish. And when families flourish, communities and nations will flourish.
Women comprise more than half the world's population. Women are 70% percent of the world's poor, and two-thirds of those who are not taught to read and write.
Women are the primary caretakers for most of the world's children and elderly. Yet much of the work we do is not valued - not by economists, not by historians, not by popular culture, not by government leaders.
At this very moment, as we sit here, women around the world are giving birth, raising children, cooking meals, washing clothes, cleaning houses, planting crops, working on assembly lines, running companies, and running countries. Women also are dying from diseases that should have been prevented or treated; they are watching their children succumb to malnutrition caused by poverty and economic deprivation; they are being denied the right to go to school by their own fathers and brothers; they are being forced into prostitution, and they are being barred from the bank lending office and banned from the ballot box.
Those of us who have the opportunity to be here have the responsibility to speak for those who could not.
It is a violation of human rights when babies are denied food, or drowned, or suffocated, or their spines broken, simply because they are born girls. It is a violation of human rights when women and girls are sold into the slavery of prostitution. It is a violation of human rights when a leading cause of death worldwide among women ages 14 to 44 is the violence they are subjected to in their own homes.
If there is one message that echoes forth from this conference, it is that human rights are women's rights - and women's rights are human rights. Let us not forget that among those rights are the right to speak freely - and the right to be heard.
As long as discrimination and inequities remain so commonplace around the world - as long as girls and women are valued less, fed less, fed last, overworked, underpaid, not schooled and subjected to violence in and out of their homes - the potential of the human family to create a peaceful, prosperous world will not be realized.
Let this Conference be our - and the world's - call to action.
Name___________________________________ Rhetorical devices part
2, analyzing a speech for rhetorical devices.
1. Read
the accompanying speech given by Hillary Clinton in Beijing, China in 1995
2. Review
the rhetorical devices
3. Reread
the speech, underlining and noting a minimum of 7 textual examples that
demonstrate rhetorical techniques. You
must have at least three that are not Aristotelian.
4. Copy
out the example below, identifying the device. Use ellipsis as needed; you do
not have to copy out the complete sentence, but you must include a complete
supporting example.
5. Explain
the use of the device.
Example 1.
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Example 2
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Example 3
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Example 4
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Example 5
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Example 6
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Example 7
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HOMEWORK: Due Monday, April 16
For each of the following, explain
whether or not you think that logos is being used effectively
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Effective?
Yes No
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“I need new jeans. Everyone in my class has new jeans.”
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This isn’t an effective use of logos as the reasoning is
not logical and convincing. Firstly, it’s highly unlikely that everyone has
new jeans (hyperbole). Secondly, just because other people have new jeans, it
doesn’t logically follow that the speaker needs them.
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1.
“All men and
women will die. You are a man. Therefore, you will die one day.”
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2.
“Everyone has children. Therefore, everyone
needs to think about the schooling of his or her children.”
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3.
“You don’t need to jump in front of a train to
know it’s a bad idea; so why do you need to try drugs to know if they’re damaging?”
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4.
“Cigarette smoke contains over 4,800
chemicals, 69 of which are known to cause cancer. So why start smoking?”
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“Every morning the rooster crows, then the sun rises.
Therefore the rooster causes the sun to rise.”
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“Don’t be the last person to get one. You don’t want to be the
laughing stock of your school!”
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Here the speaker is appealing to the audience’s sense of pride by
pointing out that they will be
laughed at if they don’t get the product. This would make the
listener/reader feel compelled to get
it, in order to maintain their dignity and not hurt their pride.
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1. “If you don’t purchase this life insurance, and something happens
to you, how will your family survive?”
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2. “We have been mistreated, abused and oppressed. They have
benefited from our suffering and we must act now!”
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3. “We live in a great democracy. So donate now and support the
troops who are protecting our freedom.”
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4. “Just eat and don’t complain. Children in Africa are starving and
would give anything to have that plate of food.”
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5. “Caring for the environment may not change your life, but it will
change the lives of your children.”
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Ethos
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explain
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“You should definitely get help with your debt, & I say that as
somebody with over 30 years experience of debt counseling.”
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yes
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The speaker is has referred to their extensive experience in this
area, in order to give credit to their opinion. Somebody with over 30 years
experience would surely know what he or she is talking about.
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“As your father, I love you and only want
1
the best
for you. Therefore when I ask you not to go, please listen to me.”
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2. “We really should try
that recipe. Someone told me that it was good.”
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3. “The research –
conducted by professors
at Harvard University – suggests that you
should learn a second language.
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4. “Dentists all over the
world are telling their patients the same things. You must floss regularly.”
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5. “I read somewhere that
bicarbonate of soda is really useful for cleaning. You should try it.”
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Device Definition
1. anaphora the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses
2. epistrophe the repetition of a word at the end of each phrase or clause: “I swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.”
3. analogy the comparison of two pairs that have the same relationship. The key is to ascertain the relationship between the first so you can choose the correct second pair. Part to whole, opposites, results of are types of relationships you should find
4. apostrophe interruption of thought to directly address a person or a personification: “So, I ask you, dear reader, what would you have me do?”
5. * imagery language that evokes one or all of the five senses: seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, touching
6. counterpoints contrasting ideas such as black/white, darkness/light, good/bad
7. * hyperbole exaggeration or overstatement
8. irony an expression, often humorous or sarcastic, that exposes perversity or absurdity
Aristotelian Appeals
9. logos appeals to the head using logic, numbers, explanations, and facts. Through Logos, a writer aims at a person's intellect. The idea is that if you are logical, you will understand
10. ethos appeals to the conscience, ethics, morals, standards, values, principles
11. pathos appeals to the heart, emotions, sympathy, passions, sentimentality.
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